the end

After studying climate, watching 13 days, and all of the other lessons we have learned in History class i have not only learned a substantial amount on history, but also on how to influence and the importance of influencing current events. Without people like JFK and other important people in history who stood up and did what is best the world would not be what it is today, and there probably would not even be a world. I have learned that its is very important to take action and not sit idly by and just watch problems like climate change grow.  This has been a great history class and I have learned a lot.

Climate Change

         
             Dear Future,

             I am writing this letter on the 9th of May, 2016. I am writing to you to tell you about the Concerns of climate change. Incase climate change is no longer a thing, it used to be the warming of the earth, and all of the problems that brought. Climate change is one of the major concerns in the long term health of the earth. I am going to tell you what we, in 2016, believed the possible effects climate change would have on the earth are.
           NASA (1) has found that the average global temperature has gone up 1.4 degrees fahrenheit since 1800. They also found that 9 of the 10 warmest years in history have occurred in the 2000s, and the warmest in 2015. The IPCC predicts that climate will rise 2.5 degrees to 10 degrees fahrenheit over the next century. This rise in temperature brings many other problems with it.
           The biggest and most discussed concern when it comes to climate change is usually about the land ice melting. With the rise in temperature it is causing more and more land ice to melt. This problem is already occurring, and according to NASA(1), land ice is going down 287 billion metric tons per year. The melting of land ice will also cause many more problems. The most obvious one is the rise in sea level. According to EPA(2) since 1870 the sea level has risen 7.5 inches.The rise in sea level will affect many peoples homes and many cities near water in the future. The rise in sea level will also cause the change in many ecosystems. Many of the animals that rely on land ice as part of there habitat will die and already are dying. A researcher named Bill Fraser tracked the decline of Adēlie penguins in Antarctica. He found that the number of breeding pairs had fallen from 32,000 to 11,000 in the last 30 years. Also with the glaciers and land ice meting into the ocean it will greatly decrees the amount of freshwater. Humans are currently very reliant on glaciers and other land ice for fresh water. According to gracelinks(4), more than 50% of the worlds freshwater is currently being supplied by mountain runoff and snowmelt. If all of the land ice were to melt then there would be a major water shortage.
           Climate change will also throw the world of balance. According to Climatehotmap(5), climate change will cause more droughts, floods, and and other natural disasters that involves precipitation. Storm, and hurricanes will also become much more dangerous, powerful and frequent. The change in temperature will also mess up the balance of certain insects. There will be a significant increase in the number of pests. This will result in even more change in ecosystems. According to National Geographic(3) the Spruce Bark beetles population has greatly increased as a result of climate change. Thanks to the past 20 years of warm summers in Alaska the Spruce Bark beetles have flourished, and as a result have chewed up 4 million acres of spruce trees.
           The increase in temperature will also greatly affect farming. With the rise in sea level the salt water will pollute many good farming areas. This is called saltwater intrusion, and it is were salt water intrudes into groundwater so it is no longer freshwater. Also with the increasing number of pests and more frequent droughts it will become even harder to farm. With all of the effects climate change is having on the supply of water it is making irrigation very difficult.
           The change in temperature will also cause the acidity of the ocean to increase, and that will affect the population of fish, coral, and other sea life. According to EPA(2) if the CO2 concentrations continue to rise at the current rate then the combination of climate warming and ocean acidification will slow coral growth by 50% by 2050. With all of the effects climate change will have on farming and wild life, food supplies will be greatly affected. In addition to food and water being affected, so will electricity. Many places rely on water for energy, and with the changing in water level many places will have a major energy shortage.
           Climate change is something that is impossible to avoid. Many things can be done to avoid it, but by simply living you are contributing to it. So in a way climate change is also the fault of nature, but is it almost exclusively the fault of the actions of humans. Even thought it is impossible to stop climate change that does not mean it is a lost cause. If humans were to work together then they could have a major impact on climate change and significantly slow it down.
           Currently in 2016 there are no were near enough people concerned about climate change, and even less that are taking action. Hopefully that will change, and you will not have experienced all of the impacts climate change will have.

Sincerely,

Brooks Johnson 

         
Sources:
1. NASA- NASA stands for National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA is part of the United States government. NASA is in charge of U.S. science and technology that has to do with airplanes or space.

2.EPA- The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is a government run agency designed to protect human health and the environment.

3.National Geographic- National Geographic is a global nonprofit membership organization that focuses on science, exploration, and storytelling.  

4.Gracelinks- GRACE Communications Foundation focuses on increasing public awareness of environmental and public health, and to advocate for more sustainable alternatives.

5.Climatehotmap- Climate hot map is a website made by The Union of Concerned Scientists. The Union of Concerned Scientists is a group of scientists and engineers that work together to solve some of the world's most important problems.

Question to research

I would like to research concerns. I think the concerns are very important because people need to know what will happen as a result of some of their actions. Also telling people what their actions might cause is very important for getting people to stop things that are contributing to the bad climate change.







Research:

        I started of my research by going to a website called climatehotmap.org. This website is made by people who are trying to prevent climate change. They website talks about all of the negative effects climate change would cause. It also talks about all of the ways to help prevent climate change. In addition to that it has a map of all the places that are undergoing climate change. This is a great source because it is written by an a organization that is focused on preventing climate change, and shows all of the concerns.
       The next source I found was similar to the first one, this one is a website called grace links.org. This website is centered around helping people become more aware of their impact on the environment. They offer calculators to calculate your water footprint, and international water footprint. They focus not only only on the long term concerns but also the short term concerns. They talk about how all the little everyday actions people do all contribute to climate change more that people think. This is a great source because it is not only focusing about the very distant future, but also the near future.
       The third source I found was Epa.gov. This website is for the US Environmental Protection Agency. They have by far the most information about climate change compared to all of the other sources. They also talk about the laws to protect the environment and reduce climate change. This is the best source I have found so far, because the amount of information they have on climate changed is unparalleled by any website I have found yet.















Sources:
http://www.climatehotmap.org/global-warming-effects/water-supply.html
http://www.gracelinks.org/2380/the-impact-of-climate-change-on-water-resources
https://www3.epa.gov

Climate

Temperature- When I think of what kind of climate a place has I think of if the place is hot, cold, rainy, sunny, ect.
weather- Climate is basically weather in my opinion.
forecast- Climate makes me think of what the forecast will be and how the weather will be.
clothing- Climate makes me think of wearing appropriate clothes for different temperatures.
Location- Diffrent places climates vary and when I think of climate I think of what a places weather is like.

My Question: How should we stop climate change?







Who is to "blame" those who created climate issues, or those stood by?

Are humans to blame for the drastic changes in the climate? 

How do meteorologists predict the climate and how accurate are these predictions?

Are the humans affecting the climate or is it just natural?Or a combination of both?

Is climate predictable?

Reading Questions

Read about the Great Depression (Links to an external site.).  

According to this article, what was wrong with President Hoover's response? 

He believed that the great depression would only last 60 days and that it would soon be over. Hover also believed that it was not the governments job to solve the great depression. 

Why did people blame themselves when things went wrong, and how valid or invalid was this response?

Some people were too embarrassed to ask for help, so they were unable to support their family.

Read about Black Sunday (Links to an external site.)

. How would you have felt if you'd been there on that day?

I would have lost some hope and  I would be sad. I would also be very worried how to fix what happened. 

 What kinds of fears, concerns, or questions would be going through your mind during, and after, the event described?

I would be worried about the food supply. I would also be afraid it would happen again. 

Read about The Drought (Links to an external site.). 

 What areas were affected by it?

Eastern part of the country 

  What caused it. 

Not enough farming and misuse of the land. 

 The author ends this article with a pithy quote.  Do you agree or disagree with this historian's perspective? Why or why not?

I agree that the US was not in its best time, but it was also after a war, and it was more unstable than usual. 

Read about Mass Exodus from the Plains (Links to an external site.).

  Were does the migration of people out of the Dust Bowl rank in terms of other migrations in US History? 

It was the largest migration in US history. 

 What made life hard for people once they arrived in California?

People were having a hard time making money because many of the farms were corporate owned. The crops that were grown there were also different. 

how radios work

             Radios have two parts they need in order to work, the transmitter and the receiver. First the Oscillator creates a alternating current at the frequency the transmitter will transmit. Then the modulator adds information to the wave caring it. There are two ways to add information, amplitude modification aka. AM, frequency modification aka. PM. The amplifier then amplifies the wave and makes it more powerful. The antenna then converts the signal to radio waves.
             Then the receiver, at the opposite end uses a attenna that captures a small alternating current. Then the RF amplifier amplifies it so that it can be processed. The tuner then extracts signals with a certain frequency. Then the detector extracts the audio information from that. Then the audio amplifier makes it loud enough to hear.

ch. 24 speach

While reading Chapter 24, I found that it mainly focused on change. The change that was occurring was not all good, and in order for their to be good change, it also brought bad change with it.

The US was undergoing great economic expansion. The economic expansion brought in more money for the US, and it supplied jobs to people. The economic expansion also helped accelerate technological advancements, such as computers, radios, and more efficient trains. With the US undergoing so much prosperity, it made more people want to come into the US, and changed the Culture of the US.

The economic growth in the US caused a more urban and consumer-oriented culture.

The amount of purchasing going on in the US went way up and people were more focused on money and power. The thirst for money and power was so great that some people started interpreting the bible in a different way to be more successful and not be inhibited by the bible.  The change in culture changed the way people lived their lives to focus more on power, therefore making education a necessity.

The want to be educated caused the attendance in schools to increase drastically.

High School attendance went from 2.2 million to 5 million. Schools also started to offer modern classes, in addition to the traditional classes. Everywhere there was change in order to accommodate the growing US economy.

The changing culture in the US was threatening many traditions, and religious beliefs and practices. The modernists were either not affected by the changes in culture or realized that the benefits of the changes outweighed the negative things. The majority of the US where modernists, so the US continued to change even more. The group that opposed the modernists where the fundamentalists, who did not want any of the new change.

The fundamentalist wanted to stick to their traditions. The fundamentalist did not like the changes that were going on such as the religion changing because of scientific findings.

They also did not like the amount of foreign immigration that was going on. The dislike of foreign immigration led to the formation of the klan, which led to violence and conflict.

Economic Expansion, cultural change, and the improvement of education where all either great or bad things, depending if you were a modernists or a fundamentalists. All of the change if it had accepted by everyone would not have caused that much bad change, but the fundamentalists were not okay with the change and that created conflict and some violence, both of which are bad changes.

Book Review

This book is well written. The use of old slang is amazing, and flows well with the book. There are very few illustrations in the book. I feel like the book would be a lot better if there were more illustrations. I was able to learn all of the topics that Mathew discussed. 

A very short and sweet story. Gets all of the information across in a very condensed well written short story. The illustrations go along with the story and are well drawn. The usage of the slang was amazing. It did not seem like the words were just placed in the story, they entire writing style was adapted to fit the 1920s. Good job Kaisey.

Technology and Economic Growth Book

I made a book about the Technology and Economic Growth in the 1920s. 

Battle of Verdun

              The news papers give reports of what is going on in the Battle. They are careful to not say many names of soldiers. They are also not negative, they just say what is going on, and even if it is bad they say it in a nonnegative way. The news papers also do not give away any of the future plans. In the Columbus Daily Enquirer it talks about how the Germans are being very offensive and if they are not successful in this strategy then it might be the turning point of the war and the US might be able to beat them. The Jackson Citizen Patriot talks about how the Germans have nearly a million troops attacking troops, but it also say that France clams to be mowing them down with machine guns. In one news paper all it tells the reader is that gas is not being used in the battle. I think this was meant to comfort all  the people who new someone at that battle since gas was such a dangerous thing in war. One news paper talks about how the Germans have taken a very strong offense instead of saying they are winning. The Daily Alaskan Dispatch talks about how the French have forced the Germans to retreat and that is a great victory for the war.

Machine gun 

A Description of the Western Front

Plain Dealer - Ohio, Cleveland, February 13, 1916

"German Offensive May Be Turning Point of the War"

Columbus Daily Enquirer - Georgia, Columbus, February 23, 1916

An Estimate of German Troop Strength

Jackson Citizen Patriot - Michigan, Jackson, February 29, 1916

Gas Not Being Used

Olympia Daily Recorder - Washington, Olympia, February 23, 1916

Assault on Fort Souville

Duluth News-Tribune - Minnesota, Duluth, July 13, 1916

"Victory One of Most Important of War"

Daily Alaska Dispatch - Alaska, Juneau, December 18, 1916

Propaganda

My definition of Propaganda-The distribution of bias information

Propaganda-ideas or statements that are often false or exaggerated and that are spread in order to help a cause, a political leader, a government, etc. From: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/propaganda

The first image shows a nurse with a kid with fighting in the background. I think this image is trying to show that women can help during war and that it is not that dangerous for them. The little kid being there and not being scared shows that it is safe. On the poster it says "our greatest mother," i think this is trying to show how helpful nurses are during war.

The second image is a nurse walking through a door. The top of the poster says "be a trained nurse," this is trying to get people to want to train to be a nurse. The door that the woman is opening says opportunity on it to show that this is a big opportunity for women and they should take advantage of it.

The third image shows a woman in what looks to be like a communication room. She is most likely sending messages to different parts of the battle field. The room she is in seem to have soldiers surrounding her like she is one of them, but at the same time it shows here in here communication box that is away from all the danger of war. I believe this poster is trying to show that communication  people are just as important as soldiers, and that it is not that dangerous of a job.

I think that propaganda is a very useful recruitment tool and that if used correctly it can have a very positive effect, but in many cases it can be too much. I support the use of some propaganda but not the use of too much of it.

The government knew they needed more people to join the military so they decided they needed to advertise using propaganda in order to reach more people.

Question Key

1. A
2. C
3. C

Progressive thesis

We combined all of the theses in order to create one for all of them.

In the progressive era, people and the Government tried to improve the health and well being of citizens by acting as a referee, but in the processes of solving poblems, they created new ones.

Progressive Questions

1. The progressive era was during what time period?
A. 1890s to 1920s
B. 1800s to 1900s
C. 1900s to 1920s
D. 1900s to 1930s
E. None of the above

2. The progressive era mainly targeted what?
A. Unhealthy drinks
B. Crime
C. Corruption in the Government
D. School
E. None of the above

3. Prohibition was meant to cut down on the consumption of ________.
A. Lemonade
B. Coke
C. Alcohol
D. Candy
E. None of the above

Progressivism

I was working with Mathew, Trey, and Myself. Our topics were prohibition, the black socks scandal, and patent laws.

Thesis:

With our three topics, prohibition, patents, and the 1919 world series, there was a clear relation between them. The one thing that connected them all was the government coming in and being a referee and to the people. The government was a trying to control civilians when it came to their consumption of alcohol, control them from stealing other people's ideas, and intervene when it came to professional sports and how there should be rules on and off the field.

Conclusion:

The government stepped in to act as a referee in order to stop the consumption of alcohol and to keep ideas from being stolen from one one another, and to make a higher level of rules in professional sports.

U.S. Patent laws and how its related to progressvism

Engine Patent 

            Patent laws were first invented in 1790. These laws allowed people to claim their inventions so that other people could not steal them. Before patent laws when people came up with ideas there would be problems with people stealing their them. Say a poor homeless man were to come up with a brilliant idea for a new way to build houses that made them a lot more stable and affordable. Before patents this man with the idea would gain nothing for coming up with the idea, because the man is homeless and has no resources so he could not do anything with this idea. Someone who did have enough resources would come along and make a lot of money off this idea and claim it was there. Since the homeless man did not get anything from coming up with his idea, he does not care about coming up with new ways to improving things, because they will just get stolen.
          Pantent laws started to give people incentives to improve the world. Even if you were a homeless and came up with an idea then you would be rewarded for it. Once the idea was patented you would be able to sell the patent to someone who wanted to use your idea.

Revolver Patent 

         News papers loved talking about patents. They would first give credit to who ever came up with the idea, then they would say what was patented. After saying what was patented and by who, they would then give a short description of the new invention. For example while describing the patent for the fire engine, the Salem Register talked about how the new engine made by Mr. Elijah Ormsee was better than the English Pump engine because it is made of a simple infrastructure, it has no the machinery other than a crank and a screw making it a whole lot more reliable and affordable. Like in this disruption of the fire engine, the description would often say how the new invention was better than the idea it was supposed to replace. In the Salem Register it talked about a new improved saw mill. The news paper talked about how the saw mill would reduce the amount of labor needed and the cost of the saw mills. It also talked about how it would saw in a fraction of the time the old saw mills would take. Some of the articles would just say it fixes these problems in the old invention, and others would just flat out say that the new invention is better in all ways than the old one. Most of these descriptions were basically an advertisement for the new invention.

Patent for legos 

        The news papers led to rise in the number of patents because it helped spread other peoples new ideas and got many people thinking about ways to improve the world. Some of the patents were very simple. Mr. Jefferson patented the art of carrying fish on ice to market. The first patent was in 1790. Samuel found a better way to produce pot and pearl ashes. Both of these patents show that it is possible to patent pretty much anything.






Sources:

     http://www.infoweb.newsbank.com

     "Love's Patent Lamp"-Norwich Courier - Connecticut, Norwich, January 02, 1799 

     "New Patent Fire Engine" -Federal Observer - New Hampshire, Portsmouth, January 31, 1799

      "The Improved Saw-Mill"-Salem Register - Massachusetts, Salem, August 02, 1802 

      "Mr. Jefferson's patent, for the discovery of the art of carrying fish to market in ice..."-Trenton Federalist - New Jersey, Trenton, September 13, 1802

         "A patent has been obtained for a machine reaping corn in general..."-Daily Advertiser - New York, New York, November 02, 1799

       Samuel Hopkins's Patent for Producing Pot and Pearl Ashes-Salem Gazette - Massachusetts, Salem, November 23, 1790

          "Hopkins's patent for making pot and pearl ash."-United States Chronicle - Rhode Island, Providence, December 30, 1790

Reflection on Second Semester

I have become more and more confident in my reading ability and my ability to comprehend what I am reading. I have also learned how to analyze what I am reading faster. I would still like to be able to improve my comprehension so i am able to do the harder reading questions confidently. I would also like to keep improving my ability to analyze movies.

Progress

1.How would you define “progress”?

Progress is moving forward toward a goal or through time. 

2.What period in time is referred to as the Progressive Era? Why? 

The progressive era was from the 1890s to the 1920s. It was called the Progressive era because of all social and political reform during this time period. 

3.What types of issues and actions, and achievements are associated with the Progressive Era? (Minimum:  5-6)  (You can also use your text for research)

-race 

-immigration

-work safety

-poverty 

-population control

-rise in crime

-drug abuse and alcoholism 

4.Progressives had lots of goals. Analyze the list you've made and determine:  What do progressive reforms seem to have in common?

All progressive reforms seem to try to make to world a safer, and fair place. They all try to solve a problem or argument. 

5.Evaluate the major goals of Progressives and sort them into these 4 categories: (Or make your own categories or ranking system), such as best to worst.

1. Essential goals worth striving for/ Necessary changes
2. Good Goals – not strictly necessary but could really improve life
3. Strange Goal
4. Not a good idea

2. immigration
1. work safety
1. poverty 
3. population control
1. rise in crime
2. drug abuse and alcoholism 

1. race
Sources:

http://www.wsu.edu/~campbelld/powerpoint/Social_Issues.ppt.

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/progressive

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Era

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/era.cfm?eraid=11

Thinking about the future

1. What predictions about the future were people making 100 years ago? 50 years ago? (Find 3-4 articles or discussions to look over.)

-Solar powered house

-Space exploration 

-americans would be taller 

-tanks

-ready to cook meals 

-telephones that can call around the world 

-police would have x-rays 

- Flying Machines 

-Movable Houses 

-Airships 

-undersea ships 

-good weather machine 

-roofed city 

-ship railway

-theatre 

-moving sidewalk 

2. Determine if the list is a “wish list” – as in, these are the things one might hope for in the future, or more a warning. 

I think many of the predictions are things people would want to happen, but i also think that there are some predictions that focused more on what will happen than what they want to happen. 

3. Which predictions seem to have come true? Which turned out to be bizarre, off-track, or still out of reach?

Ones that came true are. 

-Solar powered house

-Space exploration 

-americans would be taller 

-tanks

-ready to cook meals 

-telephones that can call around the world 

- Flying Machines 

-Movable Houses 

-Airships 

-undersea ships 

Some of the bizarre ones are the good weather machine, the roofed city, and the ship railway.

4. Can you identify any trends or patterns in these predictions? What concerns or achievements do they seem focused on?  For example, do people in general seem to be anticipating a better world? 

Many of the advancements in the future focus on ways to make life better and solving problems. They focus on problems like having to do a lot of work, walk far, and not having good weather and have inventions that would solve them. People in general do seem to be anticipating a better world.

5. It is your turn to predict a future world.  What do you see?  

-wifi all-around the world 

-holograms 

-wireless and contactless charging

-no more lab tops, only tablets

-activity monitoring clothing 

-HUD contacts 

-hover board, one that actually flies 

-much faster downloading speed

- storage relying on cloud storage a whole lot more 

-lightsabers 

-no more paper

-no more paper books 

-hand held laser guns and rail guns 

-ways to stop hurricanes 

-marijuana will be legal

-gravity controlling technology 

-robot doctors for checkups 

6. How much control over the future do we actually have? As individuals? As groups?/Government?

I think we have a lot of control over the future, the future is controlled by anything or anyone if they decide to change it or try to. 

sources:

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-world-will-be-wonderful-in-the-year-2000-110060404/?no-ist

 (Links to an external site.)http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-16444966

 (Links to an external site.)http://www.openculture.com/2013/12/ladies-home-journal-publishes-28-predictions.html

 (Links to an external site.)http://mentalfloss.com/article/57835/12-predictions-year-2000-19th-century-german-chocolate-company

 (Links to an external site.)http://www.openculture.com/2013/08/isaac-asimovs-1964-predictions-about-2014.html

 (Links to an external site.)http://publicdomainreview.org/collections/france-in-the-year-2000-1899-1910/

 (Links to an external site.)http://www.openculture.com/2013/09/robert-heinlein-imagines-the-year-2000.html

 (Links to an external site.)